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CHOICE ABOVE ALL OTHER LANDS
Book of Mormon Covenant Lands According to the Best Sources

^The Book of Mormon

&

“Mound-Builder” America

A Comprehensive Comparison

W. Vincent Coon, MS

Male Bighorn Sheep

North America’s Kosher Bighorn Sheep

Can the Book of Mormon's setting be determined from things present and published, in the Prophet Joseph Smith's own country? The answer is a definite yes!

In the comprehensive table below, yellow indicates a match between Book of Mormon elements on the left and important categories to the right. Lighter yellow indicates a possible correlation.

In the right most column three important works from the "Mound-builder" genre are cited. This is the same genre or literary category in which the Book of Mormon is classed by mainstream American History and Literature specialists. The three works are:

Ethan Smith's View of the Hebrews (1823). Abbreviated VOTH followed by page number.

Josiah Priest's American Antiquities and Discoveries in the West (1834) . Abbreviated AA followed by page number.

Cornelius Matthews' Behemoth: A Legend of the Mound-Builders (1839). Abbreviated B followed by page number; with artifact notes (B Notes) followed by page number. Behemoth is the story of a hero - a sort of American Beowulf, who confronts a monstrous Mastodon. Matthews purports to support his fictional narrative with physical evidence.

The Book of Mormon's New World setting is separate from the Old World scripture it contains, but includes the Savior's sermons tailored to the Nephites.

Leopards (Jaguars), monkeys, palm trees and hewn stone buildings are never mentioned in the Book of Mormon New World setting. It is not surprising that all of these are mentioned in John Lloyd Stephens' Incidents of Travel in Central America (1841), and in Old World scripture.

Camels (comparable to llamas) are "unclean" according to Mosaic Law and are not fit for eating or for sacrifice. (Deuteronomy 14:7) Camels are not identified in the Book of Mormon. Of course, not every Promise Land element is found in scripture, but it is reasonable to expect the mention of a few things unique to the scriptural setting.

The elephant is the only identifiable animal mentioned in the Book of Mormon that is not explicitly mentioned in the Authorized King James Version of the Bible (KJV), Old Testament (OT) or New (NT). Elephants (mastodons and mammoths) feature in American literature treating the mound builders. If "elephants" are not the animals that the Book of Mormon means, then why doesn't the sacred translation use a biblical term like "behemoth", which is less definite? (Job 40:15-24 )

Some animals are inaccurately identified in the King James Bible, but "horses" are not misidentified. Horses also feature in "Mound-Builder" literature. Those favoring Central or South American settings for the Book of Mormon, insist that many animals named in the Book of Mormon (including the horse), must be different species. There is reason to be suspicious of this overused argument, especially when the KJV correctly identifies these animals. See "Horse (Steed)" in the listing below.

Though the dignified language of the King James Bible is familiar to many, some KJV terminology appearing in the Book of Mormon is imperfect. Even so, the biblical terminology can actually serve as a scholarly key. The gentile translation is readily traced back to more perfect Old World terminology: Thus the familiar but unoriginal "Red Sea" is understood to actually be "reed sea", "steel" is actually a form of hardened copper, "brass" may describe a copper alloy like bronze, and "silk" can mean a fine fabric made from plant fiber etc.

Some of the elements compared in the table below are trivial. Others are not. Despite various artistic portrayals and apologies, there is not one element from the Book of Mormon's New World setting that uniquely points to Central or South America! There are several elements that uniquely match Joseph Smith's own country and the mysterious mound builders of North America.

The comprehensive comparison demonstrates that mainstream academia is right to place the literary setting for the Book of Mormon in the "Mound-builder" genre. With the Book of Mormon's literary setting established, legitimate archaeological investigations can begin.

The table relies on the CD ROM resource edition of LDS Scriptures. It is hoped that this analysis in table form, will help the Book of Mormon student better recognize the genuine, albeit general whereabouts of the covenant "land of liberty" - a choice land, whose identity and “decrees of God” were not intended to be a mystery to its inhabitants. (Ether 2:10-12)

Female Bighorn
North American Big Horn Sheep

North American Mastodon
American Mastodon

North American Mountain Goat

	Book of Mormon terms (elements) relating to living things	Cited in the King James Version of the Bible	Cited in the Book of Mormon's New World setting	The "Mound-Builder" Genre: elements found in Joseph Smith's country (JSC) and in literary sources treating the mound builders
1	Animal		B of M; though numerous creatures are mentioned in the KJV, the word animal does not appear there.	JSC; B Notes 156
2	Asp	KJV		See Serpent
3	Ass	KJV	B of M	JSC
4	Barley	KJV	B of M; barley is required for keeping the Temple rites of the Mosaic Law.	JSC; a variety of barley was cultivated anciently near the Great Lakes. (Robert R. Bennett, "Barley and Wheat in the Book of Mormon", 2000)
5	Bear	KJV		JSC; B Notes 186; mound builder necklaces of grizzly-bear canines. (Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers, Lost Civilizations series, editor Dale M. Brown, pg. 26)
6	Beast	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 41
7	Bee	KJV OT		JSC
8	Blossom	KJV OT	B of M	JSC
9	Branch	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 93
10	Bread	KJV	B of M	JSC
11	Calf (Bovine)	KJV		JSC; George Washington referred to bison using the terms "bull" and "calf". (Roger G. Kennedy, Hidden Cities - The Discovery and Loss of Ancient North American Civilization, pg. 87); See Cow
12	Cattle	KJV	B of M; the Hebrew word "miqneh", translated "cattle" in the KJV, comes from the verb to "get" or "acquire" and implies purchasable animals. "Cattle" include more than bovine animals.	JSC
13	Cedar	KJV OT		JSC; B 19
14	Chicken (Brood)	KJV NT	B of M; NT Greek term for "chickens" means "brood".	JSC
15	Cockatrice	KJV OT		See Serpent
16	Corn (Cereal Grain)	KJV	B of M; "corn" in the KJV is a cereal grain.	JSC; B Notes 170
17	Cow	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B 41-42, bison; North American explorer Samuel de Champlain (1562-1635) describes "a herd of wild cows". (McGavin and Bean, Book of Mormon Geography, pg. 8)
18	Creature	KJV	B of M	JSC
19	Cummom		B of M	Unknown animal
20	Curelom		B of M	Unknown animal
21	Deseret (Honey Bee)		The honey bee is not identified in the N.W. setting.	JSC; see Bee
22	Dog	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 109, 111
23	Dove	KJV	B of M	JSC
24	Dragon	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 190, fossil remains of prehistoric reptiles
25	Elephant (Mastodon, Mammoth)		B of M; Though the elephant is not explicitly mentioned in the KJV, the compound plural word "shen-habim" (1 Kings 10:22), translated "ivory", may refer to "tusk" or "tooth of elephants"	JSC; B Notes 135-138, ancient elephant remains found in mound builder territories. see also William McAdams, Records of Ancient Races,1887, pp. 114-116 and Stephan Dennison Peet, The Mound Builders, Their Works and Relics, pp. 38–44
26	Fatling	KJV	B of M	JSC
27	Fig	KJV	B of M	JSC; Figs imported to VA as early as 1669 and successfully grown in NY.
28	Fir-tree	KJV OT		JSC
29	Fish	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 181; AA 185
30	Fly	KJV OT		JSC
31	Fruit	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 190; AA 190
32	Flock	KJV	B of M	JSC
33	Fold	KJV	B of M	JSC
34	Forest	KJV OT	B of M; jungle is nowhere mentioned in the B of M.	JSC; B 19
35	Fowl	KJV	B of M	JSC
36	Game (Wild Beasts)		B of M	JSC; AA 185
37	Goat	KJV	B of M; Goats are among the clean animals approved for sacrifice under the Law of Moses.	JSC; indigenous North American sheep and goat-like animals (mountain goats).
38	Grain	KJV	B of M	JSC
39	Grape	KJV	B of M; wine is required in Israelite ordinances.	JSC; AA 190, North American grapes discovered by the Norse. (Hauksbok, "Saga of Eric the Red") Grapes grew in the NY region anciently. (William A. Ritchie, The Archaeology of New York State, Preface pg. xxiv)
40	Grass	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 63, 70
41	Hen	KJV NT	B of M	JSC
42	Herd	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 50
43	Honey	KJV	B of M; scripturally includes "honey" made from fruits.	JSC
44	Horse (Steed)	KJV	B of M; the animal translated "horse" in the KJV is not ambiguous. There are at least two O.T. references to horses in the B of M. (Three, if one includes 3 Nephi 21:14, similar to Micah 5:10) It seems unlikely that Nephi would have misidentified this creature. (1 Nephi 18:25) Israelites paid attention to details like hooves and how an animal chews its food. (Leviticus 11:1-7)	JSC; B 99-100, 102; B Notes 191, artifact interpreted as evidence that mound builders rode horses.
45	Insect		B of M	JSC
46	Kid (Goat)	KJV		JSC; see Goat
47	Lamb (Sheep)	KJV	B of M	JSC; see Sheep
48	Leopard	KJV	Unlike "lions" there is no mention of spotted cats in the N. W. setting.
49	Lily	KJV	B of M	JSC
50	Linen	KJV	B of M; linen is a cloth made from plant fiber.	JSC; ancient peoples of NY wove textiles. (William A. Ritchie, The Archaeology of New York State, pp. 259, 261)
51	Lion	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 20, 116; B Notes 186, panther (mountain lion); see mound builder cougar-effigy pipe. (Mallory McCane O' Connor, Lost Cities of the Ancient South East, plate 1)
52	Meat	KJV	B of M	JSC
53	Milk	KJV	B of M	JSC
54	Monster		No land animal is referred to as a monster in the B of M.	B 68; B Notes 176, 188, "monster of the ocean".
55	Moth	KJV	B of M	JSC
56	Neas		B of M	Unknown variety of grain
57	Oak	KJV OT		B Notes 191
58	Oil (Anoint with Oil)	KJV	B of M	JSC; VOTH 113, 163
59	Olive-Tree	KJV	B of M	JSC
60	Owl	KJV OT		B 39, 111; AA, 178, VOTH 177; see mound builder owl-effigy. (Mallory McCane O' Connor, Lost Cities of the Ancient South East, pg. 130)
61	Ox	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 106
62	Pearl	KJV	B of M	JSC; Mound-Builder freshwater pearl necklaces, and pearls sewn on clothing. (Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers, Lost Civilizations series, editor Dale M. Brown, pg. 26)
63	Plant	KJV	B of M	JSC
64	Root	KJV	B of M	JSC
65	Serpent	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 158
66	Sheaves	KJV OT	B of M	JSC
67	Sheep	KJV	B of M; sheep, goats and other specific clean animals approved for sacrifice.	JSC; North American bighorn sheep qualify.
68	Sheum		B of M; Non-biblical Old World grain	Possibly a kind of barley or even pine nuts.(Robert R. Bennett, "Barley and Wheat in the Book of Mormon", 2000)
69	Silk	KJV	B of M; "shesh" is biblical "silk" made from plant fiber. (Proverbs 31:22, KJV)	JSC; mound builders wove textiles made from plant fiber and rabbit hair. (Lynda Norene Shaffer, Native Americans Before 1492 - The Moundbuilding Centers of the Eastern Woodlands, plate 32)
70	Skin (Protective Covering)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 42; AA 167
71	Sow	KJV NT	B of M; NT Greek term for "sow" can mean "boar".	JSC; B Notes 170
72	Straw	KJV		JSC
73	Stem	KJV OT	B of M	JSC
74	Swine	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 170, "peccary" remains found in Kentucky.
75	Teil-tree	KJV OT	Old World Terebinth
76	Thistle (Bramble)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 63; AA 190
77	Thorn	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 63
78	Thunder		B of M
79	Timber	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B Notes 154
80	Tree	KJV	B of M	JSC
81	Vine	KJV	B of M	JSC
82	Vineyard	KJV	B of M	JSC
83	Vulture	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B 39; AA 190
84	Whale	KJV		JSC
85	Wheat	KJV	B of M; wheat is required in Israelite rites.	JSC; North American self sown wheat discovered by the Norse. (Hauksbok, "Saga of Eric the Red")
86	Wine	KJV	B of M	JSC; see Grape
87	Wolf	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 20, 50, 101; B Notes 185
88	Wood (Building Material)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 34, 41, 56; AA 167
89	Worm	KJV	B of M	JSC

Mound Builder Copper Head-plate

Head-plate
Mound Builder Copper Breastplate

Other BOOK of MORMON Elements Compared with the "MOUND-BUILDER" Genre:


	Book of Mormon terms (elements) relating to various things	Cited in the King James Version of the Bible	Cited in the Book of Mormon's New World Setting	The "Mound-Builder" Genre: Elements found in Joseph Smith's country (JSC) and in literary sources treating the mound builders
90	Altar	KJV	B of M; Israelite altars were not to be made of hewn stone. (Exodus 20:25-26)	JSC; AA 167; VOTH 79, 120, 165, Numerous stone cairns and manmade stone piles found throughout North America. (Salvatore Michael Trento, The Search for Lost America - The Mysteries of the Stone Ruins, Ch. 2)
91	Anchor	KJV NT	B of M	JSC; Anchor-type stone has been found in Nova Scotia. (Salvatore Michael Trento, Field Guide to Mysterious Places of Eastern North America, pg. 29)
92	Armor	KJV	B of M; e.g. “breastplates…arm-shields…and also shields to defend their heads…” (Alma 43:19)	JSC; B 41; B Notes 147; The Choctaw wore “breast, arm, and wrist plates”. (Timothy R. Pauketat, “America’s First Pastime – Did rolling stones spread Mississippian culture across North America?”, Archaeology, Sept. 2009)
93	Arrow	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B 33, 56; B Notes 147, AA 93, 167. The Davistown Museum: 092103NA33 Projectile points (3) Copper, A: 7 cm x 3.1 cm, B: 8.6 cm x 2 cm, C: 6.1 cm x 3 cm, age unknown. These items were dug from a mound builder's site in Ohio. DTM MHC-B.
94	Art		B of M	JSC; B Notes 149; AA 90-92; remarkable mound builder sculpture and artistry. (Lynda Norene Shaffer, Native Americans Before 1492 - The Moundbuilding Centers of the Eastern Woodlands, plates 11, 12, 19, 21, 22, 23, 33)
95	Ax (Axe, Hatchet)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 33, AA 90, 93, 167; mound builder axes. (Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers, Lost Civilizations series, editor Dale M. Brown, pg. 26)
96	Ball (...of fine brass)	KJV OT,	B of M; perhaps analogues to the "brass" firmament, the perceived solid dome or "compass" of heaven. (Deuteronomy 28:23, Proverbs 8:27, Job 22:14) The perceived movements of the heavenly quarters define Hebrew directions. See Compass and Spindle	JSC; AA 101, "gold" covered metal balls recovered from a mound. A stone “octagonal ball” found at the Andover burial site in Massachusetts. (Salvatore Michael Trento, The Search for Lost America - The Mysteries of the Stone Ruins, pg. 181)
97	Bank of Earth		B of M	JSC; B Notes 147, 168, 171; AA 159
98	Baptism (Washings)	KJV NT	B of M	JSC; B17, VOTH 79, 165
99	Beach		B of M	JSC; beach is defined as a sandy or pebbly shore of a body of water (not necessarily an Ocean coast). The term also applies "to the shore of a lake or large river." (Beach, Oxford English Dictionary) see Seashore
100	Bone…Heaps		B of M	JSC; B Notes 145-150; AA 55, 179, 185
101	Bow	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 34; AA 167
102	Bow of Steel	KJV OT	David's "bow of steel" (Psalm 18:34) was a Bronze Age creation.	B 33; B Notes 162; AA 177; see "Steel"
103	Brass	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 33, 38, 56; B Notes 159-160, AA 90-91. KJV and early 19th century "brass" is indistinguishable from "bronze". See Brass, Oxford English Dictionary. "Archaic Period bronze found in North America. (Salvatore Michael Trento, The Search for Lost America - The Mysteries of the Stone Ruins, pg 192, Appendix 3)
104	Breast-plate	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 33, VOTH 175; copper mound builder breastplates. (Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers, Lost Civilizations series, editor Dale M. Brown, pg. 26)
105	Breastwork of Timber		B of M	JSC; B 8; AA 166
106	Bellows (Forge)	KJV OT		JSC; B 32, 36
107	Brimstone	KJV	B of M	JSC
108	Building	KJV NT	B of M	JSC; B 24
109	Candle	KJV	B of M	JSC
110	Cement		B of M; the KJV OT mentions lime based "plaister".	JSC; B Notes 142; mound builders built plastered houses. (George Stuart, "Who Were the "Mound Builders"?", National Geographic, Vol. 142, No. 6, December 1972, pg. 789) See also "Cement", Oxford English Dictionary
111	Chain	KJV		JSC; B 93; AA 90-92
112	Chariot (Animal Drawn Vehicle)	KJV	B of M; The Hebrew term for "chariot" ("merkabah") simply means a thing to ride.	JSC; B 34, 41-42,108-109; Mound builder rulers of the Mississippian Period rode on litters. (Lynda Norene Shaffer, Native Americans Before 1492 - The Moundbuilding Centers of the Eastern Woodlands, plate 28)
113	Christian	KJV NT	B of M	JSC; B16
114	Cimeter (Falchion, Cutlass)		B of M	JSC; B 34, see Sword
115	City	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 5
116	Cloak	KJV	B of M	JSC
117	Closet	KJV	B of M	JSC
118	Cloth	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 15, "fine raiment"; see "Silk"
119	Coat	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 109
120	Compass	KJV OT	B of M; different from the pointed circle making instrument ("m'hoogah", Isaiah 44:13), nevertheless "hoog" (circle, vault, dome) translated "compass" (Proverbs 8:27, KJV), is an appropriate description of the "Liahona".	JSC; VOTH 138
121	Copper	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 33, 56; B Notes 161, 165, 190, 191, 192
122	Curtain	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; see Veil
123	Crop (Agriculture)	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; AA 185, see Field
124	Cross	KJV NT	B of M	JSC; B 16; B Notes 150; AA 181
125	Cup	KJV	B of M	JSC; see Vessel
126	Dart (Missile)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 169
127	Ditch	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 168; AA 166
128	Door	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 102, 110; B Notes 167
129	Earth	KJV	B of M; the expression "the whole earth" can simply mean the full extent of a local land or region as in the KJV.	JSC; B 31
130	Earthquake	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 53, 105
131	Egyptian	KJV	B of M	JSC; AA 116-124
132	Field (Cultivated)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 4, 8; AA 160, 185
133	Fire	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 38
134	Fence	KJV OT		JSC; AA 160
135	Fever (Sickness)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 105-106
136	Footstool	KJV	B of M	JSC
137	Fort	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; AA 83, 159, 190
138	Fortification	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B 11; B Notes 145, 153
139	Fortress	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B 5-6
140	Fragment	KJV NT	B of M	JSC; B 123
141	Garden	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 8, 11, 22; B Notes 154
142	Garment	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 3, VOTH 113
143	Glass	KJV	B of M; sixteen stones prepared in the O.W., are described as "clear…as transparent glass". (Ether 3:1)	JSC; B Notes 147, mound builder "isinglass (mica membranes)", 159; AA 89, see also Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers, Lost Civilizations series, editor Dale M. Brown, pp. 22, 26, 160, skillfully cut mica panes.
144	Gate (Gateway)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 140-142, 171, 191; AA 160, 166, 184, 197, 247
145	Gold	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 192; AA 101, 178; mound builder sheets of hammered gold. (Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers, Lost Civilizations series, editor Dale M. Brown, pg. 26)
146	Grave	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 145, 147
147	Harvest	KJV	B of M	JSC, VOTH 104, see Field
148	Head-plate (Helmet like, but not the same as)		B of M	JSC; B 15-16, 31, 33, 41; B Notes 133, 162; AA 176; mound builder copper head-plates and headdresses. (Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers, Lost Civilizations series, editor Dale M. Brown, pg. 26)
149	Hail	KJV	B of M	JSC
150	Heat (..of the day)	KJV	B of M; the biblical expression "heat of the day" refers to mid-day or the warmest part of the day. (1 Samuel 11:9-11, 2 Samuel 4:5) The expression does not imply a tropical climate. Israel's setting, in fact, is temperate. (Genesis 8:22)	JSC; being in the Northern Hemisphere, the seasons of mound builder America are in step with the seasons of Israel.
151	Heaven	KJV	B of M; Israelite directions based on the perceived movement of the heavenly quarters.	JSC; VOTH 90
152	Hebrew	KJV	B of M	JSC; VOTH 90, 162-167
153	Highway	KJV	B of M	JSC, see Road
154	Hour	KJV	B of M; the scriptural unit of time is not identical to the modern "hour".	JSC; B 10-11, 22, 36, 104
155	House	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 44-45, 62; B Notes 154; ancient peoples of NY built houses of timber. Haudenosaunee
156	Iron	KJV	B of M; there are references to working iron, but no explicit mention of iron tools in the N. W. B of M setting.	JSC; B 11; B Notes 161, 169, 190, 191, 192; AA 179; mound builders worked meteoric iron. (Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers, Lost Civilizations series, editor Dale M. Brown, pg. 26)
157	Javelin	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B 41; B Notes 169; at the Andover burial site in Massachusetts, a “javelin point” was found. (Salvatore Michael Trento, The Search for Lost America - The Mysteries of the Stone Ruins, pg. 181) See Spear
158	Jewel	KJV OT	B of M	JSC
159	Lake	KJV NT	The term "lake" is never used in the B of M to describe a body of water. An inland body of water is referred to as a "sea" (e.g. Ether 2:7).	JSC; B 92; AA 192, J. Priest, J. Smith and others propose that ancient peoples of Mexico and Central America migrated from the "lake country" (Great Lakes region). Priest cites Humboldt. See also I. A. Lapham, Antiquities of Wisconsin (1855), Section 2, "ANCIENT WORKS AT AND IN THE VICINITY OF AZTALAN".
160	Latchet	KJV		JSC
161	Lightning	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 164
162	Machinery		B of M; the Hebrew word “hishvonot” is translated “engines” (2 Chronicles 26:15, KJV) The term can also be translated “contrivances”, “inventions” or “machines”. See Jarom 1:8	JSC; B 34-35, 42; the wedge; the lever, the inclined plane etc. are classified as “simple machines” and were definitely employed by the mound builders.
163	Manna	KJV
164	Much People (Many People, Populous)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 31-32, 81; B Notes 145-146; AA iv, 185, 339
165	Mammon (Lucre)	KJV NT	B of M	JSC; see Money
166	Metal		B of M	JSC; AA 185
167	Mile	KJV NT	B of M; the Roman mile is not identical to the modern unit.	JSC; B 45, 64; the English term "mile" can mean "any relatively great distance."
168	Mist	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 87, see Vapor
169	Money	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 192; AA 92
170	Month	KJV	B of M; lunar cycle.	JSC; B 64, 66, 70, 104, 108; VOTH 120
171	Narrow Pass		B of M	JSC; B 58; B Notes 167
172	Nation	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 23-25, 29, 79
173	Nail	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 161
174	Ore		B of M; "gold...silver...iron...copper" are listed as "ore". (Ether 10:23)	JSC; B 83, 98; the Old English term "ore" means "unwrought metal". This explains how "gold" (naturally found in metallic form) and meteoric iron could be referred to as "ore".
175	Palace	KJV	B of M; King Noah’s “spacious buildings” and “palace” were made of wood. (Mosiah 11:8-10) B of M peoples predominantly built their houses, cities, temples, synagogues, sanctuaries and all manner of buildings, out of timber. (Helaman 3:9)	JSC; B Notes 132; the Oxford English Dictionary defines “palace” as the official dwelling place of an emperor, king, pope, or other sovereign ruler. E.G. Squier (1849) refers to certain Native American timber works as “castles”. (Squier, Ephraim George, Aboriginal Monuments of the State of New York, pp. 82-82)
176	Pillow	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B 107
177	Pit	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 177, see Snare
178	Planet (Astronomy)	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B Notes 142; B 65, 117; AA 164
179	Plate (Metal)	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B Notes 147, 161; AA 175, 179
180	Priest	KJV	B of M	JSC; B16, 18
181	Picket		B of M	JSC; B Notes 143; AA 166
182	Potter	KJV		JSC, see Vessel
183	Prison	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 116
184	Quiver	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B 42; AA 90
185	Raiment	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 15, "fine raiment"
186	Rain	KJV	B of M	JSC; B24
187	River	KJV	B of M; "Sidon", the only river named in the N. W. setting, flows northward.	JSC; B 97; B Notes 132; there are northward flowing rivers near the Great Lakes.
188	Road (Street)	KJV OT	B of M	JSC; B 43, 110, 162; AA 160; impressive roads built by mound builders. (Searching for the Great Hopewell Road, Pangea Production Ltd, 1998)
189	Robe	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 113
190	Rock	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 27, 38
191	Rust	KJV NT	B of M	JSC; B Notes 161, not necessarily iron oxide - copper "oxyde or rust".
192	Sanctuary	KJV	B of M	JSC
193	Salt	KJV	B of M	JSC; B Notes 174, AA 169, natural salt springs and deposits are found in western NY
194	Saw	KJV		JSC
195	Scroll	KJV	B of M	JSC
196	Sea	KJV	B of M; "sea" frequently describes an inland body of water in the KJV.	JSC; see Lake
197	Seashore	KJV	B of M; the same Hebrew word translated "shore" in "sea shore", is translated "bank" in "bank of the Jordan", and "brink" in "brink of the river" (KJV).	JSC; see Sea and Lake
198	Season (Temperate Seasons)	KJV	B of M / Mosaic Law requires the Nephite first month be in sync with the Passover season (When the Lamb of God was sacrificed).	JSC; B 17, 21, 24, 82; VOTH 175, more than two seasons per year. (Alma 46:40)
199	Sepulchre	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 15; AA 101, 171
200	Shields	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 33; B Notes 162
201	Ship (Sailing)	KJV	B of M	JSC; B 86; B Notes 132
202	Sickle